International Journal of Social Science Research and Review

The Reconstruction of Legal Protection Regulations for Children in Conflict with the Law in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System Based on the Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:43+00:00

The Indonesian government guarantees the protection and welfare of children through the establishment of Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. This research aims to: 1) examine the regulation of legal protection for children in conflict with the law in Indonesia's criminal justice system; 2) identify its weaknesses; and 3) explore the reconstruction of these regulations based on the value of justice. The research uses a constructivism paradigm with a statute, case, and conceptual approach. It is descriptive, using secondary data (primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials) collected through literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study are: 1) The protection regulations for children in Indonesia's criminal justice system are unfair, with diversion intended for case resolution instead being used to negotiate sanctions for children; 2) The weaknesses in the regulation of legal protection for children in conflict with the law in Indonesia’s criminal justice system include: Legal substance issues, where Law Number 11 of 2012 remains repressive, failing to ensure diversion and overlooking children’s welfare; Legal structure challenges, such as insufficient qualified law enforcement personnel and poor coordination among institutions handling child crime cases; Legal culture issues, where some people equate justice with punishment, rather than focusing on rehabilitation and the welfare of children; 3). The reconstruction of legal protection for children in conflict with the law in Indonesia aims to shift from an unjust system to one rooted in justice, ensuring fair treatment and prioritizing the welfare of children within the criminal justice system. The reconstruction of regulatory norms for child protection in the Indonesian criminal justice system focuses on revising Law Number 11 of 2012, particularly Articles 1(3), 71(3), and 81(4), to align with the value of justice for children in conflict with the law.

Exploring Current Trends in Journalism- Misinformation, Press Freedom, and Economic Challenges of US Newsrooms -2024

2025-07-13T11:37:43+00:00

In 2024, there have been several uproars regarding the veracity of news. With the rapid development and integration of AI, it is becoming increasingly difficult to trust news. This essay aims to consolidate insights from existing research to provide a comprehensive economic overview of the current news landscape and challenges in journalism, particularly focusing on the transformative impact of AI and social media in 2024. The paper examines how financial sustainability impacts press freedom, how market incentives contribute to misinformation and how economic shifts in news demand threatens traditional journalism. The paper also provides a brief analysis of policy recommendations to suggest a direction for the resolution of these issues. The paper highlights examples with regards to the US Presidential elections in 2024 and discusses the scale and impacts of mis and disinformation propagated by AI, social media platforms and bots. The paper aims to shed light on the increasing importance of press freedom and accurate journalism in today’s world. This paper applies Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory to explain how AI-driven misinformation spreads and McCombs’ and Shaw’s Agenda-Setting Theory to evaluate the role of newsrooms in shaping public discourse amidst declining press freedom.

Values-Based Leadership: The Role of Organizational Culture in Business Success

2025-07-13T11:37:43+00:00

In today’s world where organizations are facing complex challenges, values-based leadership is recognized as a key approach to leading organizations to success. This type of leadership is based on specific principles and values, and allows leaders to focus on creating a positive and constructive work environment instead of focusing solely on financial results. Values-based leadership not only helps strengthen intra-organizational communication, but also makes employees feel more connected and motivated. By promoting shared values, leaders can strengthen organizational culture and guide employees towards common goals. This approach helps organizations become more resilient to environmental changes and challenges. Organizational culture is defined as a set of beliefs, values, and behaviors in an organization that influence how employees work and interact. A strong culture can help attract and retain talent, increase employee motivation and productivity, and improve internal relations. For this reason, organizations should pay special attention to their culture. Values-based leadership and organizational culture mutually influence each other. Effective leadership can help form and strengthen a positive culture in the organization, and conversely, a strong culture can allow leaders to more effectively promote their values and principles. This interaction can lead to increased organizational performance and success. This article uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the relationship between values-based leadership and organizational culture. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with managers and employees of various organizations and then analyzed using statistical software. This research method allows us to achieve reliable results. The results of this research show that organizations that put values-based leadership on their agenda usually perform better. These organizations are more resilient to market challenges and are able to attract and retain top talent. Also, employees of these organizations usually have higher motivation and job satisfaction. Finally, values-based leadership and organizational culture are two key elements in business success. Organizations should pay special attention to these two aspects and achieve greater success by creating a positive and sustainable organizational culture. This article can be used as a starting point for a deeper examination of these issues and the development of effective solutions in organizations.

Reconstruction of the Regulation of Criminal Responsibility of Perpetrators towards Victims of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:43+00:00

Criminal acts according to the Restorative Justice perspective, are violations against humans and relations between humans. This research’s objectives aim to: 1) examine regulations on criminal liability not yet based on restorative justice; 2) identify weaknesses in current regulations; and 3) propose a reconstruction of criminal liability regulations based on restorative justice principles. The research method uses the positivist paradigm, with a socio-legal research approach method, and a descriptive research type. The type and source of data uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection method uses literature, and qualitative analysis methods. The research results are: 1) The regulation of criminal liability for perpetrators toward victims is not yet based on restorative justice, with court proceedings still aimed at deterrence through imprisonment; 2) Current weaknesses include: in legal substance, the litigation process is long, rigid, costly, and fails to restore the harm or reflect community justice; in legal structure, law enforcement is bound by rigid regulations, with unclear coordination, limited capacity, and weak commitment; in legal culture, positivistic legal views dominate, limiting flexibility and fairness in criminal justice; 3) The study proposes reconstruction of criminal liability regulations based on restorative justice. This includes shifting from a punitive to a restorative approach, focusing on healing and accountability, and updating key regulatory frameworks. Specifically, it involves revising values and norms in the Regulation of the Attorney General of Indonesia No. 15 of 2020 Article 6 on Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice, and the Regulation of the National Police No. 8 of 2021 Article 1, Point 3 on the Handling of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice, to better integrate restorative principles into law enforcement and prosecution practices.

Homelessness and Poverty in Phoenix, Arzona, USA: Reimagining the Church

2025-07-13T11:37:43+00:00

Homelessness is a complex issue with multifaceted causes and global implications. Factors such as wars, genecides, and immgration contributes sgnificantly to homelessness, especially in European nations and the United States. A doctoral study conducted in Phoenix, Arizona found that dispite increasing efforts and resources to reduce homelessness and poverty, the homeless population remains a concern. The study sought to inspire hope in those facing homelessness and poverty by examining both historical and current ministry approaches in Phoenix and evaluating them against biblical principles to understand their theological significance. It used a combination of Apprecation Inquiry and Browning research methods and incoporated a mixed qualitatve and quantitative approach, gathering data through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions with forty-six participants who agreed to participate in the study. These participants included leaders from churches, para-church organizations, homeless individuals, and the working poor. The findings indicate that personal interaction, particularly when people are heard and prayed for, plays a crucial role in fostering hope and encouragement. The study highlighted the importance of ministries focusing on real needs of the poor, advocating for a move from transactional to transformative approaches. It also suggested that collaborative efforts among ministries--providing counseling, job training, support, and prayer-- are key to creating hope and mprovng the quality of life for those living in poverty.

Food Safety Compliance and Risk Perception as Determinants of Consumer Behaviour Toward Perishables in Manila Wet Markets

2025-07-13T11:37:43+00:00

This study examines the effect of Food Safety Practices and Food Safety Risk Perception on Purchase Intention among consumers of perishable goods in wet markets within Manila. Utilizing Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the research investigates how these two independent variables influence consumer purchasing behaviour in informal retail settings. The findings reveal that both Food Safety Practices and Food Safety Risk Perception have significant positive effects on Purchase Intention, indicating that consumers are more likely to buy perishable products when they perceive vendors to implement proper safety protocols and are aware of potential food-related health risks. Grounded in the Consumer Perceived Value Theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding food safety-driven consumer behaviour in traditional market environments. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers, vendors, and public health agencies in enhancing food safety standards and consumer education in wet markets.

The Effectiveness of Patrols in Routine Activities Was Enhanced by the South Sumatra Regional Police in Preventing Crimes in Palembang

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

The police task considered the most effective in combating crime is handling and disclosing a crime, as well as a preventive or crime prevention task. One of the preventive police duties is patrol. Patrols prevent the meeting of intention and opportunity factors so that they do not occur, disturbance of public security and order. The formulation of the problem in this study is: 1) How effectively do the South Sumatra Police carry out the routine patrol activity in preventing the crime of robbery in the city of Palembang? and 2). What are the obstacles faced by the South Sumatra Police patrol in overcoming the robbery crime in Palembang? The research method used in this study is empirical normative research. This study's primary and secondary data sources are primary and secondary. The survey results show: 1) the efficacy of the South Sumatra Police's routine patrol activities in preventing robbery in Palembang. Through planned patrols supported by adequate resources, the police can create a safe and orderly environment, prevent crime, and respond quickly and appropriately when a crime occurs. Thus, police patrols function as preventive efforts and an integral part of the law enforcement system that aims to realise security and order in society, especially in Palembang. And 2). The obstacles faced by the South Sumatra Police Patrol in overcoming the crime of robbery in the town of Palembang are a limited number of personnel, inadequate budget, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of technological support and community participation. These obstacles indicate the need for improvements in various aspects, such as improving human resources, better budget allocation, and strengthening cooperation with the community, so that it can create continuity between the patrol activities of the South Sumatra Police and community participation in preventing acts of robbery against the people of Palembang in particular.

The Reconstruction of Corporate Social Responsibility Regulation Based on Justice Values

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

Corporate social responsibility is a medium to be able to resolve problems between companies and the community and government. The purpose of this study is The problems in this study are: 1) to find and analyze the regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility is not yet based on the value of justice; 2) to find and analyze the weaknesses of the current Corporate Social Responsibility regulation; 3) to reconstruct the regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility based on the value of justice. The research method uses the constructivism paradigm, with the socio-legal research approach method and descriptive research type. The type and source of data uses secondary materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection method uses literature, and qualitative analysis methods. The theory used is theory of justice as the Grand Theory, the theory of legal system as the Middle Theory and the progressive legal theory as the Applied Theory. The results of the study are: 1) Corporate Social Responsibility regulation is not yet based on the value of justice that there is no clear definition of what is meant by Corporate Social Responsibility; 2) The weakness in the legal substance aspect is that regulations that have unclear words in the formulation of their articles have been proven to have influenced law enforcement against disputes in Indonesia. The weakness in the legal structure aspect is that the practice of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility is increasingly difficult, due to the lack of coordination among law enforcers; 3). Reconstruction of Corporate Social Responsibility regulations based on justice values consists of value reconstruction and norm reconstruction. The value reconstruction to be achieved is that Corporate Social Responsibility regulations that were previously not based on justice are now based on justice values.

Controversial Jurisprudential-Medical Issues of Treatment and Refusal of Treatment in Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome, a Narrative Review Running: Jurisprudential-Medical Issues of Refusal of Treatment in PMS

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

Abstract: Background: In the last two decades and as a result of the strengthening of the theory of contractual relationship between doctor and patient, the patient has the right to know the type of disease, the type of treatment and the right to consent to start treatment. Refusal to treat premenstrual syndrome disorder, which is treatable, may be accompanied by physical and mental injuries in some people. The purpose of is investigating the jurisprudential-medical bases of refusing to treat patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Material and Method: This research is a descriptive-analytical narrative review. The method of collecting information is library-based and it is done by referring to documents, books and articles. Results: Four famous jurisprudential rules, such as the "harmful rule (ḍarar): Harm is not legitimate in Islam", "rule of domination", "autonomy" rule, and taking treatment in accordance with the ruling "La Osr-Haraj (No Hardship Rules)" regarding the treatment or refusal to treat PMS sufferers have been examined. If the patient refuses to allow the treatment, citing evidence of self-control (rule of dominance), the doctor is not allowed to treat. However, according to Islamic principles, a person does not have the right to harm himself, but permission to treat is not considered compulsory. Conclusion: In the condition of refusal to treat patients with PMS, the doctor is only required to try her best to dissuade the patient from her decision and not to participate in harming the patient.

The Reconstruction of Collateral Rights Guarantee Regulations in Musyarakah Financing Products in Sharia Banking Based on Justice Values

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

Product Islamic Musyarakah Banking consists of Musyarakah and Musyarakah Mutanaqishah. The purpose of this study: 1) analyze regulation guarantees right liability on product financing musyarakah has not based on mark justice; 2) analyze weaknesses regulation guarantees right liability on product financing musyarakah; 3) reconstruct regulation guarantees right liability on product financing musyarakah in sharia-based banking mark justice. Research methods use paradigm constructivism, with socio-legal research, and types study descriptive. Types and sources of data used material secondary in the form of material primary law, material law secondary, and materials law tertiary. Research results are; 1) Regulation guarantees right liability on product financing musyarakah has not yet based on mark justice namely Bank and customer bear loss in a way proportional according to each capital; 2) Weaknesses regulation guarantees right liability on product financing musyarakah consists of substance law, structure law and culture law; 3) Reconstruction regulation guarantees right liability on product financing musyarakah in sharia-based banking mark justice namely; Reconstruction of regulatory norms guarantee right liability on product financing musyarakah in sharia-based banking mark justice in law Number 21 of 2008 Concerning Islamic Banking in explanation Article 55 paragraph 2 and PERMA Number 2 of 2008 Article 534

A Comparative Study of Arabic Language Education in Indonesia, Thailand, China, and South Korea

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

Arabic language education in Asia exhibits significant variation shaped by historical, religious, socio-political, and economic factors. This comparative study examines Arabic language teaching in Indonesia, Thailand, China, and South Korea, focusing on four key dimensions: historical evolution, institutional frameworks, pedagogical methodologies, and prevailing challenges. Employing a qualitative comparative research design, the study synthesizes policy documents, academic literature, and institutional reports to elucidate national approaches and educational outcomes. Findings reveal that Indonesia and Thailand emphasize religious motivations with Arabic instruction embedded primarily in Islamic educational settings, whereas China and South Korea adopt a more secular and pragmatic orientation, linking Arabic proficiency to diplomatic, economic, and academic objectives. Despite divergent contexts, all countries face challenges, including shortages of qualified instructors, limited curricular standardization, and insufficient exposure to native Arabic language environments. The study underscores the need for curriculum development balancing classical and modern Arabic, enhanced teacher training, and expanded international collaboration. This research contributes to understanding Arabic language education in diverse Asian contexts and offers recommendations to support effective pedagogical strategies and policy reforms.

A Legal Reconstruction of Chemical Castery for Perpetrators of Sexual Crimes Against Children Based on Restorative Justice Values

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

In general, children are a group that is very vulnerable to sexual violence because children are positioned as weak figures and are dependent on the adults around them. This research aims to: 1) analyze the law on chemical castration for child sex offenders that is not yet based on restorative justice; 2) identify its current legal weaknesses; and 3) propose a reconstruction grounded in restorative justice values. Using a constructivist paradigm, the research applies a socio-legal and normative legal approach with a descriptive type. Data sources include primary and secondary legal materials, collected through literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The study found: 1) The regulation of chemical castration for perpetrators of sexual violence against children is not yet based on restorative justice values; 2) Current legal weaknesses include: a) Substantive weaknesses—sexual violence against children is an extraordinary crime that seriously harms victims’ lives, development, and public order, yet the existing law fails to provide adequate protection or justice; b) Structural weaknesses—the absence of approval from the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI) prevents implementation of chemical castration; c) Cultural weaknesses—low sentencing may allow perpetrators to reoffend after serving time, undermining deterrence and protection; 3) The proposed reconstruction includes aligning the law with restorative justice values to focus on victim recovery, community protection, and offender accountability. This involves value reconstruction of the chemical castration policy and normative reconstruction in: Article 20 of Law No. 12/2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes; Article 81(7) of Law No. 17/2016, which amended Law No. 23/2002 on Child Protection; and Article 1(2) of Law No. 35/2014, which further amended the Child Protection Law. These changes aim to ensure that the legal response is more just, rehabilitative, and aligned with restorative principles

The Progression of Social Movements under Authoritarian Regimes: A Case Study of Egypt and Syria

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

This paper examines the transformative role of social media in the mobilization and progression of social movements under authoritarian regimes, focusing specifically on the Arab Spring protests in Egypt and Syria. Sparked by the success of Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution, mass protests swept across the Middle East and North Africa in 2011, with activists leveraging platforms like Facebook and Twitter to organize demonstrations, spread uncensored information, and attract global attention. By comparing Egypt and Syria—two countries with divergent protest outcomes—the study highlights how former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak’s decision to step down contrasts sharply with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s refusal, which ultimately led Syria into civil war. Drawing on theories from Sidney Tarrow’s Power in Movement, the paper analyzes how social media facilitated rapid mobilization, sustained protest momentum, and circumvented state censorship. The findings underscore social media’s enduring significance as a catalyst for political change, not only in the Arab Spring but also in later global movements such as #MeToo and Black Lives Matter. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that social media has become an indispensable tool in shaping modern social movements, challenging authoritarian controls, and redefining collective action in the 21st century.

The Reconstruction of the Regulation of the Prosecutor's Authority to File a Review of Criminal Cases Decided Acquitable in the Indonesian Criminal Procedural Law System Based on the Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

The paradox of prosecutors seeking case reviews in acquittals, which contradicts justice values in Indonesia's criminal law system. The purpose of research are: 1) analyze the regulation of prosecutorial authority to request reviews of acquittals based on justice values; 2) identify weaknesses in current regulation; and 3) analyze a reconstruction of the regulation grounded in justice. The research uses constructivist paradigm, the study applies a sociological juridical approach and descriptive research method. Data sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials to evaluate how legal practices align with justice principles. The results are: 1) The prosecutor's authority to request judicial review of acquittals in Indonesia lacks justice value, as it fails to optimally prioritize prosecutor's proper role; 2) Weaknesses in the prosecutor's authority to seek judicial review include conflicting legal substance, limited structural authority under Article 263(1), and differing public perceptions that lead to inconsistent law enforcement across community groups; 3) Reconstructing the prosecutor's authority to seek judicial review involves norm reconstruction and value reconstruction based on justice within Indonesia’s legal system. Value reconstruction ensures prosecutor’s authority to seek judicial review of acquittals aligns with justice, while norm reconstruction revises Article 30C(h) of Law 11/2021 and Article 263(1) KUHAP.

The Reconstruction of The Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) Regulations in The Formation of Regional Regulations Based on The Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

The position of the Regional People's Representative Council at the provincial and district/city levels essentially acts as a people's representative institution that exercises legislative power at the regional level. The purpose of research are: 1) analyze the DPRD’s authority in forming regional regulations lacking justice values; 2) identify weaknesses in regulatory authority; and 3) reconstruct DPRD authority based on justice values. The research uses a constructivist paradigm, the research applies a normative legal approach and descriptive method. Data sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This research uses analysis of legal materials to assess DPRD legislation’s alignment with justice principles. The result of research are: 1) DPRD’s authority in forming regional regulations lacks justice values, with unclear roles between DPRD and regional government; 2) Weaknesses include unclear legal substance, structural flaws from Ministry annulments, and legal culture where compliance is driven by tradition, not legal understanding; 3) Reconstruction aligns DPRD’s authority with justice values by clarifying roles, strengthening legal foundations, and promoting genuine public participation based on legal awareness. Norm reconstruction of DPRD’s authority in forming regional regulations based on justice values refers to Law No. 9/2015 Article 101(1) and Law No. 23/2014 Article 236(4) on Regional Government.

Invisible Voices: The Socio-Economic Realities of Indigenous Buddhist Women in Dhaka

2025-07-13T11:07:27+00:00

Introduction: Bangladesh is a country characterized by its religious and cultural diversity, home to 53 indigenous communities spread across various regions, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Sylhet, Dhaka, Rangpur, and Rajshahi and Barishal divisions. The population is predominantly Muslim, but there are also significant numbers of Hindus, Christians, and Buddhists. Despite this religious diversity, individuals from various religious and ethnic backgrounds often face challenges due to their distinct identities. Dhaka, as the capital, is no exception, with religious and ethnic differences manifesting in various socio-economic issues, particularly for women. This research paper aims to explore the socio-economic challenges faced by indigenous Buddhist women in Dhaka. Based on indigenous and religious identity, the indigenous Buddhist population in Bangladesh is relatively small, comprising only 0.001% of the total population (BBS, 2024), with women making up half of this demographic. These women experience unique struggles throughout their lives, despite numerous development initiatives aimed at improving their conditions. This paper examines the current socio-economic status of these women, exploring their individual and collective perceptions. It also delves into the diverse cultural beliefs and experiences of Buddhist women from varying age groups, social statuses, and educational backgrounds in Dhaka, Bangladesh’s capital city. Methodology: This study employs both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. Qualitative methods include case studies, narrative analysis, oral history, and the analysis of archival materials such as photos, albums, and recordings. Quantitative methods complement these findings by providing statistical data to support the narrative. Results and Discussion: The socio-economic conditions of indigenous Buddhist women in Dhaka are multifaceted, with both positive and negative consequences arising from their distinct religious and ethnic identities. These women face unique challenges as a result of their marginalized position within both the broader Muslim-majority society and the indigenous community. The findings are discussed in detail, with relevant case studies highlighting the lived experiences of these women. The discussion also includes an exploration of the impact of cultural beliefs, social status, and educational background on their socio-economic standing. Conclusion: This research offers a comprehensive examination of the socio-economic conditions of indigenous Buddhist women in Dhaka. The qualitative findings highlight the complexities of their experiences, characterized by both adversity and resilience. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for further research and development interventions to improve the socio-economic conditions of Buddhist women in Dhaka.

An Evaluating Medical Doctors' Knowledge of Basic Nuclear Medicine Applications in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

Introduction: Nuclear medicine is increasingly becoming common in South Africa, and there is an increase in referral to the unit, the exposure of medical doctor to basic knowledge of nuclear medicine varies, and therefore it is important to assess the knowledge of the referring doctors about the basic application of nuclear medicine. The study aimed to assess the knowledge of Medical Doctors in Limpopo about the basic application of Nuclear Medicine.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect information from medical doctors at the Pietersburg/Mankweng hospital complex in Limpopo about their exposure to nuclear medicine training and knowledge about the basic application of nuclear medicine. The 23-itemised questionnaire consisted of basic clinical application of nuclear medicine. The knowledge score was categorised into pass (<50%) and fail (≥50%).

Results: A total of 103 medical doctors with an average of 6(3-12) years of experience participated in the study, 93.1% of the participants have referred patients to nuclear medicine. The median knowledge score among the doctors surveyed was 31.82(22.72-40.91) %, and only 12% scored ≥ 50%. The survey revealed that a significant proportion of medical doctors in Limpopo possess limited knowledge about the basic applications of nuclear medicine. Conclusion: The study findings highlight that there is a pressing need for targeted educational initiatives to enhance the knowledge of nuclear medicine among medical doctors in Limpopo. By improving awareness and understanding of nuclear medicine applications, patient care can be significantly improved through better diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. Future efforts should focus on integrating nuclear medicine education into both undergraduate medical curricula and continuous professional development programs.

Keywords – Nuclear Medicine, Medical Knowledge, Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Education, Medical Doctors, South Africa

The Reconstruction of the Prosecutor's Authority Regulation as Dominus Litis in the Enforcement of Corruption Criminal Acts Based on the Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

Draft Prosecutor's Office as controller investigation that in investigation the controlled and/ or led by the Public Prosecutor. This research aims to: 1) analyze the role of prosecutors as dominus litis in corruption law enforcement not yet based on justice values; 2) identify current regulatory weaknesses in that role; and 3) reconstruct the prosecutorial authority based on justice. Using a constructivist paradigm, it applies a sociological legal approach and descriptive study, relying on secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, collected through literature review and analyzed qualitatively. The research results are: 1) The prosecutor’s authority as dominus litis in corruption law enforcement is not yet based on justice principles, making its role suboptimal; 2) Key weaknesses include: a) Substantive legal limits, such as Article 138(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code; b) Structural issues from functional separation between investigation and prosecution, reducing prosecutorial control; and c) Cultural resistance to restorative justice, with public preference for judicial processes; 3) Reconstruction should align prosecutorial authority with justice values through amendments to Article 139 of the Criminal Procedure Code, Article 30B(d) of Law No. 11/2021 (amending Law No. 16/2004), and Article 2(1)–(2) of Law No. 31/1999 on Corruption Eradication.

The Reconstruction of Criminal Legal Policy in an Effort to Combating the Criminal Act of Human Trafficking Based on The Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

Trading man is one from crime transnational which is threat to global security. This research’s objectives are: 1) analyze criminal law policy on human trafficking that lacks a justice-based approach; 2) identify current policy weaknesses; and 3) propose a reconstruction of criminal law policy to combat human trafficking based on justice principles. The Research methods use paradigm constructivism, with method approach legal sociological. and type study descriptive. The type and source of data uses secondary data in the form of material primary law, material law secondary, and legal data tertiary. Data collection method using bibliography, and methods analysis qualitative. The research results are: 1) Current criminal law policy in addressing human trafficking is not yet based on justice values, particularly regarding restitution, as stated in Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Human Trafficking. While the law provides for restitution, it lacks practical implementation aligned with constitutional justice, requiring more than just regulatory provisions; 2) Weaknesses in the criminal law approach include: a) Substantive weaknesses on Law No. 21 of 2007 contradicts the principle of victim-oriented justice by not fully supporting victims’ rights; b) Structural weaknesses, lack of professionalism among law enforcement hampers effective legal enforcement; c) Cultural weaknesses, low legal awareness in Indonesian society leads some victims to feel satisfied with prison sentences alone, neglecting their right to restitution and recovery; 3) Reconstruction of criminal law policy in combating human trafficking should now be justice-based, focusing on both value and normative reconstruction. This involves aligning legal norms with justice principles and reconstructing regulations, particularly Law No. 21 of 2007 Articles 2(1) and 51(1), and Government Regulation No. 7 of 2018 Article 2(1), to ensure fair, justice-based criminal law policy in combating human trafficking.

Influence of Parents Level of Education on Career Decision Self-Efficacy Among Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

Career decision making is crucial among people all over the world and choosing a career is challenging to those who do not have a wide life experience. Despite the high school completion rates, there is a noticeable trend in Kiambu County that majority of students find it difficult to choose a career after completion. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of parent’s level of education on students’ career decision self-efficacy of students in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Social Cognitive Career theory and the Systems theory. This study used a combination of descriptive and correlational research design. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The target population consisted of 29,682 form three students in Kiambu county. The sample size consisted of 380 form three students who were selected using stratified sampling techniques from the 285 secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. Questionnaires were used for data collection. The questionnaires were pilot tested with 30 students from three secondary schools. The Reliability of the instrument was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient (r=0.79). Content validity was tested using content validity index (CVI=0.84). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics which included percentages, means, and frequencies. The hypothesis was tested using t-test, Simple Regression and Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significance. The research found out that parents level of education (F (4, 375) = 11.663, p = .000) has statistically significant influence on students’ career decision self-efficacy in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. Findings of this study informs the Ministry of Education, policy makers, career guidance teachers and also parents on the influence of parents level of education on the students while making career decisions. This study contributes to the body of knowledge as it provides a model for predicting students’ career decision self-efficacy given the parents level education. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that parent’s level of education has statistically significant influence on career decision self-efficacy among students in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study recommended that the career teachers should consider parent’s level of education in career guidance as it statistically influence career decision self-efficacy among students in public secondary schools.

Investigating the Impact of Gender, Age, and Parenthood on Household Chores: A Study of Delhi NCR

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

This study investigates gender disparities in household work and examines how age and parenthood influence the time spent on domestic chores. Using a quantitative approach with convenience sampling, data were collected from 66 respondents through a structured online survey. The results reveal significant gender differences in household chore distribution, with women consistently spending more time than men, especially on cleaning, washing, and laundry. Age also plays a significant role; individuals above 26 years reported notably more involvement in housework compared to younger individuals. Furthermore, having children was strongly associated with increased hours spent on domestic tasks, particularly childcare and eldercare. These findings highlight the persistence of gendered divisions of labor and the compounding impact of age and family structure on unpaid household responsibilities. The study contributes to ongoing discourse on gender roles, domestic labor, and the invisible load disproportionately carried by women in households.

Seeking Justice through Metaphors: A Semantic Analysis of Ahmet Altan's Trial Defense in 2018

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

This article examines the metaphorical representations of justice and despotism in the novels of Ahmet Altan, with a focus on the conceptual frameworks that shape legal and political discourse. Drawing on the theory of conceptual metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson, the study analyzes how metaphors serve not only as literary devices but also as tools for political critique, especially in the context of authoritarian regimes. Through a close reading of Kılıç Yarası Gibi, İsyan Günlerinde Aşk, and Ölmek Kolaydır Sevmekten, the article reveals how Altan employs figurative language to reconstruct the perception of justice and challenge the legitimacy of state power. This interdisciplinary analysis situates literature as a site where law, power, and resistance converge symbolically and ideologically.

The Reconstruction of Government Political and Legal Regulations in the Inauguration and Oath-Taking of Offices for Inter-Term Replacement of Members/Leaders of the Regional People's Representative Council of the Provincial Based on the Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

The Interim Replacement System within the framework of the DPR government emerged as a result of the implementation of work in government carrying a burden and responsibility as well as major political consequences. This research aims to: 1) analyze the government's legal regulations on the inauguration and oath-taking of interim replacements for Provincial People's Representative Council members, which are not yet based on justice values; 2) identify weaknesses in these regulations; and 3) propose a reconstruction of these regulations based on justice values. Using a constructivist paradigm, the research employs a socio-legal approach with descriptive methods, relying on secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection is through literature review and qualitative analysis. The study found: 1) The legal protection regulations for victims of human trafficking, as well as the government's legal political regulations for the inauguration and oath-taking of interim replacements for Provincial People's Representative Council members, are not yet grounded in justice values. The position of a DPRD member is highly prestigious, but this is not reflected in current legal frameworks; 2) Weaknesses in these regulations include: a) Legal substance, Interim replacements (PAW) are regulated in Law No. 17 of 2014, but challenges remain; b) Legal structure, there is a lack of synergy among institutions involved in the interim replacement process, leading to legal issues; c) Legal culture, the interim replacement system is influenced by the burden and political consequences of governmental work, making it susceptible to legal problems; 3) The proposed reconstruction involves aligning legal regulations with justice values, ensuring fairness in the interim replacement process. This includes norm reconstruction in Law No. 17/2014, specifically Article 409(1) and Article 368(1), to promote justice and fairness in the political process of member replacement and oath-taking.

Research on the Impact of Perceived Robot Threat on Turnover Intention among Manufacturing Employees

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has not only enhanced production efficiency but also raised employees' concerns about career security and future employment prospects. Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), this study constructs a moderated mediation model to explore the mechanism through which perceived robot threat affects turnover intention among manufacturing employees. It examines the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS). The analysis of survey data from 356 Chinese manufacturing employees revealed three key findings. First, a significant positive correlation was observed between perceived robot threat and turnover intention. Second, job insecurity was found to mediate the relationship between perceived robot threat and turnover intention. Third, POS moderated both the direct association between perceived robot threat and turnover intention and the indirect association mediated by job insecurity.

Impact of Service Marketing Mix on Bank Performance in Bangladesh

2025-07-13T11:37:42+00:00

This study examines the effect of the Service Marketing Mix (7Ps) on the performance of banks in Bangladesh, including the mediating role of Customer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty (CSBL). A quantitative research design utilized a standardized questionnaire distributed to 600 bankers from public, private, Islamic, and overseas institutions. Data were examined utilizing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to evaluate the suggested conceptual framework. The results indicate that the Service Marketing Mix significantly impacts customer happiness and overall bank performance. Moreover, CSBL was identified as a partial mediator of this relationship, while technological and regulatory elements augmented the strategic efficacy of marketing initiatives. The measuring model demonstrated substantial reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values surpassing 0.83, composite reliability reaching 0.88, and AVE values reflecting robust convergent validity. These findings underscore the significance of a comprehensive, customer-centric marketing strategy integrated with regulatory compliance and digital preparedness to enhance sustainable banking success. The study provides actionable ideas for enhancing service delivery, customer engagement, and competitive positioning within the banking industry of emerging economies.

The The Interplay between Bidding Strategies and Tender Success Rate Among Small and Medium Enterprise Contractors in Tanzania

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

In a highly competitive construction industry, contractors must secure a sufficient volume of projects and execute them successfully to ensure long-term survival. However, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) contractors lack the requisite knowledge of effective bidding strategies, which hampers their ability to secure tenders. This study aims to assess the bidding strategies employed by SME contractors and examine their impact on tender success rates. A questionnaire survey was conducted with building contractors based in Dar es Salaam. The split sample model validation technique was applied, diving the data into training and validation sets. Pearson correlation was applied to identify bidding strategies with a significant positive relationship with tender success rates, which were subsequently incorporated into the regression model. Moderated multiple regression analysis was performed to model the relationship between independent and dependent variables, with company experience serving as a moderating variable. Among the bidding strategies examined, pricing strategy and market intelligence emerged as having a significant positive relationship with tender success rates. The developed model demonstrated moderate predictive power, with the moderation effect contributing to the explained variance. These findings provide valuable insights for SME contractors regarding the selection of effective bidding strategies to enhance their tender success. This study represents the first empirical investigation in Tanzania to model and quantify the influence of bidding strategies on tender success rates of SME contractors.

Green Social Work: Understanding the Impact of Social Work Education on the Environment

2025-07-13T12:09:05+00:00

In today's world, green social work is becoming increasingly important as we face significant ecological issues like climate change, pollution, and depletion of resources. Social workers play a vital role in tackling these issues and fostering sustainable practices within their communities. Green Social Work is an idea that merges environmental consciousness with social equity. It acknowledges the interconnection of humans and the environment and aims to foster a healthy and sustainable relationship between them. By exploring this topic, we can get a deeper understanding of how our actions affect the environment and learn how to create positive change. Human behavior has an important effect on the location, and it is crucial that we understand the consequences of our actions. Our daily activities such as driving cars, using plastic bags, and industrial emissions, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, which in turn harm the environment. The impact of these actions extends widely and influences not just the environment but also human health and overall well-being. Climate change, air pollution, and water contamination are just some of the issues caused by human behavior. It is essential to understand that we must take responsibility for our behaviors and implement modifications to lessen our adverse effects on the environment. Social workers are essential in advocating for eco-friendly practices and lessening the harmful effects of human actions on the environment.

The Reconstruction of the Regulation of Death Penalty Sanctions for the Criminal Act of Predictive Murder Based on the Values of Justice

2025-07-13T11:37:41+00:00

Criminal dead is type the most severe and incurring punishment effect cruel with remove life for the offender and the effects deterrent for anyone who violates article whose demands is criminal dead. Research Objectives This is: 1) for examine, analyze and find How regulation regulation sanctions criminal dead to act criminal murder planning Not yet based on value of justice;2). to examine, analyze and find weaknesses regulation sanctions criminal dead to act criminal murder planning moment this; 3). for find reconstruction regulation sanctions criminal dead to act criminal murder planning based on mark justice. Research methods use paradigm constructivism, with method approach socio legal research. and types study descriptive. The type and source of data uses secondary data consisting of from material primary law, material law secondary, and materials law tertiary. Data collection method using bibliography, and methods analysis qualitative. Research result is: 1) Regulation sanctions criminal dead to act criminal murder planning Not yet based on mark justice that Regulation sanctions criminal dead to act criminal murder planning Not yet based on mark justice that implementation criminal death in Indonesia is often not consistent; 2). Weaknesses in death penalty regulation include unclear legal time limits and execution procedures, poor institutional coordination, and low public trust in police, reflecting issues in legal substance, structure, and culture; 3). Reconstruction regulation sanctions criminal dead to act criminal murder planning based on mark justice consists of from reconstruction values and norm reconstruction. The reconstruction of death penalty regulations for premeditated murder under Law No. 1 of 2023 (Article 459) and Article 28A of the 1945 Constitution aims to ensure justice and fairness, correcting past legal unfairness by aligning sanctions with human rights principles and clearer legal standards